Glossary — Plastics recycling and engineering plastics

Waste with the will to dispose of it

Waste with the intention to be disposed of are substances or objects whose owner wishes to dispose of them. The intention to dispose of is a key criterion for classification as waste in accordance with Section 3 of the Closed Substance Cycle Waste Management Act (KrWG).
A material is considered waste if it is not intended for further use and is sent for recovery or disposal. Classification as waste is independent of the economic value of the material.
Differentiation:
By-product: A material is not waste if it is a by-product of a production process and can be legally reused without further processing (Section 4 KrWG).
End of waste status: A waste loses its waste status when it has undergone a recovery process and meets certain quality and legal requirements (Section 5 KrWG).
This differentiation is particularly legally relevant in plastics recycling and the use of recyclates.

Additive

Additive that is added to plastics to improve or change certain properties. In the case of ENNEAFIL fibers, these are used as a concrete additive.

Aging resistance

Resistance of a plastic to changes over time due to environmental influences such as UV radiation, temperature or moisture.

Batch

Production batch or lot in which a certain quantity of material is processed under the same conditions.

Concrete additive

Additive for concrete to improve its properties. ENNEAFIL fibers serve as a sustainable concrete additive to increase strength.

Biodiversity

Biodiversity refers to the biological diversity of ecosystems, species and genetic resources. It encompasses the diversity of plants, animals and microorganisms as well as their habitats.

The protection of biodiversity is a central component of sustainable development, as functioning ecosystems form the basis for raw materials, clean water, climate regulation and stable living conditions.

For industrial companies, biodiversity means in particular the responsible use of resources, the reduction of emissions and the minimization of negative environmental impacts along the value chain.

ENNEATECH is committed to preserving biodiversity and has been a member of the regional “Alliance for Biodiversity” of the Chamber of Industry and Commerce for East Frisia and Papenburg since August 13, 2024.

Bio-based plastics

Plastics that are made entirely or partly from renewable raw materials.

BImSchG approval

The BImSchG permit is an official approval in accordance with the Federal Immission Control Act (BImSchG). It is required for industrial plants that could potentially have an impact on the environment, such as emissions, noise or odors.

The permit confirms that a plant meets all legal requirements for the protection of people and the environment. These include, in particular, specifications on emission limits, plant safety and environmental compatibility.

ENNEATECH has a BImSchG permit for the operation of corresponding plants. This ensures legally compliant, tested and environmentally friendly operation in the production and recycling of engineering plastics.

Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM)

The Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) is a climate protection instrument of the European Union. It obliges importers of certain goods to pay a CO₂ price for emission-intensive products manufactured outside the EU. The aim is to avoid distortions of competition due to different climate protection standards and to prevent so-called “carbon leakage” effects. The CO₂ price is based on the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS).
CBAM particularly affects energy-intensive industries such as steel, aluminium, cement, fertilizers, electricity and, in the future, other materials.

Closed-loop process

The closed-loop process describes a closed material cycle in which plastics are collected, processed and returned to the production process after use. The aim is to reuse the material as equally as possible without significant loss of quality.
In the plastics industry, closed loop means that recycled materials are used again in technical applications. This saves primary raw materials and improves the carbon footprint.
The closed-loop process is an operational component of the circular economy and can be part of a cradle-to-cradle strategy.

Code of Conduct

The Code of Conduct is a binding set of rules that defines the values, principles and standards of conduct of a company.
The Code of Conduct of ENNEATECH AG summarizes the principles that guide daily actions towards employees, business partners, customers and society.
It applies equally to the Management Board and employees and is also made available to business partners.

• Respect for human rights
• Environmental protection and resource conservation
• Product safety and legal compliance (including REACH, RoHS, TSCA)
• Prevention of corruption and money laundering
• Fair competition
• Data protection and IT security
• Equal treatment and occupational health and safety
• Transparent communication without greenwashing

The Code of Conduct forms the basis for sustainable, honest and responsible corporate governance.

Compound

A compound is a customized plastic mixture consisting of a base polymer and specific additives. The combination of fillers, reinforcing fibres, stabilizers or flame retardants optimizes mechanical, thermal and chemical properties for defined applications.
Compounds are used in industry when standard plastics do not meet the technical requirements.
ENNEATECH develops and produces high-quality polyamide compounds for demanding industrial applications.

CO₂ equivalents (CO₂e)

CO₂ equivalents (CO₂e) are a unit of measurement for comparing different greenhouse gases. In addition to carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), nitrous oxide (N₂O) and other climate-relevant gases are also taken into account and converted into a common CO₂ quantity.
The conversion is based on the Global Warming Potential (GWP), which indicates how much a gas contributes to global warming compared to CO₂.
In the plastics industry, emissions along the entire product life cycle are specified in CO₂ equivalents.

CO₂ balance sheet

The CO₂ balance describes the total amount of greenhouse gas emissions (CO₂ equivalents) generated over the life cycle of a product — from raw material extraction, production and processing to use and disposal.
The use of recycled plastics significantly improves the CO₂ balance.
A transparent CO₂ balance creates comparability and is the basis for material decisions, ESG strategies and CO₂ reduction targets.
The CO₂ balance of our materials was determined by the SKZ Plastics Center.

CO₂ savings certificate

A CO₂ savings certificate documents the specific reduction in CO₂ equivalents (CO₂e) achieved compared to virgin material.
ENNEATECH issues this certificate to customers annually. It is based on a comparison of the GWP of ENTRON®eco with primary polymer material.
The calculations are based on verified data sources and support ESG reporting, sustainability targets and CO₂ reduction strategies.

Cradle-to-Cradle (C2C)

Cradle-to-cradle (C2C) is a concept of the circular economy in which materials are permanently managed in closed cycles.
For technical plastics, this means that they can be returned by type, recycled and reused without any loss of quality.
In contrast to “cradle-to-grave”, C2C pursues a consistently circular product design.
The principle increases resource efficiency, reduces CO₂ emissions and enables sustainable plastic solutions along the supply chain.

Service

A service is an intangible service provided by a company or person for a client. In contrast to tangible goods, the focus is not on a physical product, but on specialist knowledge, advice or a specific activity.

Services may include technical consulting, marketing, logistics, maintenance, IT services, testing services or external audits.

ENNEATECH works with qualified service providers and greatly values their expertise and experience. Through this partnership-based cooperation, we benefit from external expertise and continuously strengthen our processes, quality and innovative capacity.

DIN SPEC 91446

DIN SPEC 91446 “Classification of plastic recyclates by data quality levels for use and (internet-based) trade” is a German standard for the transparent classification and evaluation of plastic recyclates.

It defines data quality levels for describing the origin, composition and verification of recycled materials. The aim is to create comparability, transparency and trust in trade — especially in digital and internet-based trade.

DIN SPEC 91446 helps companies to clearly classify recyclates and identify them to customers and business partners in a traceable manner. ENNEATECH provides a corresponding certificate in accordance with DIN SPEC 91446.

Double materiality analysis

The double materiality analysis is a procedure for identifying and evaluating relevant sustainability issues in the context of ESG reporting. It considers two perspectives:

1. Inside-out perspective (impact materiality)
   What impact does a company’s business activity have on the environment and society?
2. Outside-in perspective (financial materiality)
   Which sustainability issues influence the economic situation and development of the company?

The combination of both perspectives creates a holistic picture of the material ESG issues. The dual materiality analysis is particularly important in the context of European sustainability reporting (e.g. CSRD).

Downcycling

Recycling process in which the material decreases in quality and is used for less demanding applications.

Thermoset

Plastic that is no longer deformable after curing, in contrast to thermoplastics such as polyamide.

Ecovadis

EcoVadis is an internationally recognized rating platform for sustainability and corporate social responsibility (CSR). Companies are assessed on the basis of ESG criteria in the areas of environment, labor and human rights, ethics and sustainable procurement.

The assessment is based on international standards such as the UN Global Compact, the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) and ISO standards. Depending on the result, medals (bronze, silver, gold or platinum) are awarded.

ENNEATECH was awarded the EcoVadis Platinum Medal in 2025, placing it in the top 1% of rated companies worldwide.

Young’s modulus (modulus of elasticity)

The modulus of elasticity describes the stiffness of a material. It indicates the extent to which a material deforms elastically under mechanical load.

The higher the modulus of elasticity, the stiffer the material and the lower its elastic elongation under load. The modulus of elasticity is usually given in megapascals (MPa) or gigapascals (GPa) and is determined in a tensile test using standardized test methods.

In engineering plastics such as glass fiber-reinforced polyamide compounds, the modulus of elasticity can be significantly increased through the use of reinforcing fibers. It is a decisive characteristic value for structurally stressed components.

End of the waste property

The end of waste status describes the point in time at which a substance previously classified as waste loses its waste status. The legal basis for this is Section 5 of the Closed Substance Cycle Waste Management Act (KrWG).

The prerequisite is that the substance has undergone a recycling process and then meets certain criteria: It is used for a specific purpose, there is a demand for it, it meets technical and legal requirements and its use does not lead to harmful environmental or health effects.

When the material ceases to be waste, it legally becomes a product or secondary raw material again.

In the plastics industry, this is particularly relevant for processed recyclates. After successful processing and quality assurance, recycled plastics can be used again as a raw material in the compounding and production of technical plastics.

Energy management

Energy management encompasses all systematic measures for recording, controlling and continuously improving the use of energy in a company. The aim is to reduce energy consumption, increase energy efficiency and thus sustainably reduce costs and emissions.

In the plastics industry, energy management particularly affects energy-intensive processes such as extrusion, compounding and processing of plastics.

ENNEATECH operates a certified energy management system in accordance with ISO 50001. The certification confirms structured processes for the continuous improvement of energy-related performance and the reduction of CO₂ emissions.

Engineering Polymers

Engineering Polymers is the English term for technical plastics with defined mechanical, thermal and chemical properties for demanding industrial applications.

In contrast to standard plastics, engineering polymers are characterized by high strength, rigidity, temperature resistance and media resistance. They are mainly used in the automotive industry, in mechanical engineering and in electrical and electronic applications.

The name affix “Engineering Polymers” underlines ENNEATECH’s specialization in high-performance, technically sophisticated polyamide compounds and sustainable plastics solutions.

ENNEAFIL

Brand name for ENNEATECH’s polyamide fibers, which are used as a concrete additive to increase strength.

ENNEATECH — Origin of the name

The name ENNEATECH is derived from the Greek word “ennea” for nine. The number nine is symbolic of a nine-cornered shape that embodies stability, structure and technical precision.

At the same time, in many cultures nine is considered a lucky number and a symbol of completeness and strength.

In conjunction with “Tech” — as a reference to technology and technical expertise — ENNEATECH stands for stable, high-performance and innovative solutions in the field of engineering plastics.

ENTRON eco

Brand name for ENNEATECH’s sustainable polyamide granules and compounds made from recycled materials.

EPD (Environmental Product Declaration)

An Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) is a standardized, independent environmental product declaration in accordance with ISO 14025. It provides transparent and verified information on the environmental impact of a product throughout its life cycle.

ENNEATECH has EPDs for:

• ENTRON eco B — PA6 granules
• ENTRON eco B — PA6.6 granules

Both declarations:

• are based on the Product Category Rules (PCR) “Plastics in primary forms”
• are externally verified
• apply “cradle-to-gate”
• confirm a recyclate content of 100 % (post-industrial)

EPDs therefore provide a reliable basis for sustainability assessments, carbon footprints and building certifications.

Specialist waste management company

A specialist waste management company is a company that is certified in accordance with the Closed Substance Cycle Waste Management Act (KrWG) and the Ordinance on Specialist Waste Management Companies (EfbV) and can prove that it collects, stores, treats, recycles or disposes of waste professionally.

Certification is carried out by an independent technical monitoring organization and confirms compliance with legal requirements, qualified processes and documented quality assurance measures.

ENNEATECH is recognized as a certified waste management company. The certification covers, among other things, the storage, treatment, recycling, handling and brokering of waste and confirms that these activities are carried out professionally and in compliance with the law. It underlines our expertise in the responsible handling of plastics and recycling materials.

ESG report

An ESG report documents a company’s performance and goals in the areas of environment, social affairs and governance. It creates transparency about sustainability strategies, emissions, use of resources and social and organizational standards.

The ESG report serves as a basis for investors, customers and business partners to assess the company’s sustainable development.

ENNEATECH prepares an ESG report on a voluntary basis. This underlines the company’s commitment to transparency, sustainable production and responsible corporate governance — irrespective of statutory reporting obligations.

EU taxonomy

The EU taxonomy is a classification system of the European Union for defining environmentally sustainable economic activities. The aim is to create uniform criteria for sustainable investments and increase transparency in the area of sustainability.

The regulation defines technical assessment criteria on the basis of which economic activities can be classified as environmentally sustainable. It is based on six environmental objectives:

1. Climate protection
2. Adaptation to climate change
3. Sustainable use of water resources
4. Transition to a circular economy
5. Prevention of environmental pollution
6. Protection of biodiversity and ecosystems

An economic activity is considered taxonomy-compliant if it contributes significantly to at least one of these objectives, does not significantly harm any of the other objectives (“Do No Significant Harm”) and complies with minimum protection standards.

The EU taxonomy is particularly important for companies in the context of sustainability reporting (e.g. CSRD).

Extruder

An extruder is a machine for the continuous processing of plastics. Plastic granulate is melted in a heated cylinder, homogenized and pressed through a nozzle under pressure.

A distinction is mainly made between single-screw extruders and twin-screw extruders:

• Single-screw extruders are mainly used for pure melting and shaping.
• Twin-screw extruders are particularly suitable for compounding engineering plastics, as they enable more intensive mixing of polymer, additives, fillers or glass fibers.

Another decisive factor is the screw geometry and size (e.g. diameter and L/D ratio). It influences shear forces, residence time, homogeneity and throughput — and therefore has a significant impact on the quality of the compound.

Extruders are therefore a central unit in the production of high-quality polyamide compounds and guarantee reproducible material properties.

Fakuma

Fakuma is an international trade fair for industrial plastics processing. It takes place in Friedrichshafen and is one of the most important industry gatherings for injection molding, extrusion, thermoforming and additive processes.

Fakuma is held annually, but takes a break in the year of the K trade fair.

The focus is on machine and plant technology, raw materials and compounds, automation solutions as well as recycling and sustainability technologies. Fakuma is regarded as a practice-oriented trade fair and is particularly important for processors of technical plastics.

The next Fakuma will take place from October 12 to 16, 2026. ENNEATECH AG will be represented as an exhibitor (Stand B2-2311) and looks forward to your visit.

Fiber

Fibrous material used to reinforce composite materials. ENNEAFIL fibers reinforce concrete.

Moisture absorption

Moisture absorption describes the ability of a material to absorb water from the environment. This property is particularly pronounced in polyamides (PA), as the amide groups in the polymer structure can bind water.

The absorption of moisture has a considerable influence on mechanical and thermal properties: as the moisture content increases, stiffness decreases, while toughness and impact strength generally increase. At the same time, dimensions and weight can change.

When processing polyamide, controlled drying before injection molding or extrusion is crucial, as residual moisture can lead to material degradation and loss of quality.

Filler

Additive that is added to plastics to increase volume or reduce costs without affecting the main properties.

Glass fiber

Glass fiber is a mineral reinforcing material that is added to technical plastics to improve their mechanical properties. In the form of short or long fibers, glass fiber significantly increases the stiffness, strength and temperature resistance of the material.

In glass fiber-reinforced plastics (e.g. GF-reinforced polyamide), the fiber assumes the load-bearing function, while the polymer matrix provides shaping and chemical resistance. This results in highly resilient materials for demanding industrial applications.

Glass fiber-reinforced polyamide compounds are primarily used in automotive and mechanical engineering as well as in structurally highly stressed components.

Glass transition temperature

Temperature at which a plastic changes from a glassy to a rubbery state.

Glow residue

The annealing residue refers to the proportion of non-combustible components of a plastic that remains after a sample has been incinerated at a high temperature. It is usually expressed as a percentage by weight (%).

In the case of engineering plastics, the annealing residue often corresponds to the proportion of mineral fillers or reinforcing fibers, such as glass fibers.

The determination is carried out according to standardized test methods and is used for quality control and to check the filler content in compounds.

Granules

Granulate refers to small, granular plastic particles that serve as a standardized starting material for further industrial processing. It is typically used in injection molding, extrusion or blow molding processes.

In plastic compounding, pellets are produced after the material has been melted, mixed and cut into strands. The uniform shape and defined grain size enable precise dosing, consistent processing and reproducible component quality.

ENNEATECH supplies high-quality engineering plastics — such as ENTRON eco — as granules and coumpounds for reliable industrial applications.

Greenwashing

Greenwashing refers to communication or marketing measures in which companies present their products, services or strategies as more environmentally friendly than they actually are.

Individual positive aspects are emphasized, while negative environmental impacts are concealed or relativized. The aim is often to improve image or achieve competitive advantages without implementing substantial ecological improvements.

Greenwashing undermines trust, distorts competition and is at odds with transparent sustainability communication.

A credible sustainability strategy, on the other hand, is based on verifiable data, clearly defined targets, independent audits and transparent reporting.

GRI Report

A GRI report is a sustainability report that is prepared in accordance with the standards of the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). The GRI standards are among the leading international frameworks for transparent reporting on a company’s environmental, social and economic impact.

A GRI report includes information on emissions, energy consumption, use of resources, working conditions and corporate governance, among other things, and creates structured, comparable ESG reporting.

ENNEATECH has prepared its sustainability report in accordance with the GRI standards and thus transparently documents the company’s relevant environmental, social and governance issues.

Green electricity

Green electricity refers to electricity from renewable energy sources such as wind, solar or hydropower. It is generated with a zero carbon footprint and certified by guarantees of origin.

ENNEATECH has been purchasing electricity exclusively from renewable energy sources since 2021. Since 2023, electricity procurement has been certified in accordance with the Federal Environment Agency’s register of guarantees of origin. This ensures that every kilowatt hour used comes from renewable sources.

GWP (Global Warming Potential)

The Global Warming Potential (GWP) describes the global warming potential of a greenhouse gas compared to carbon dioxide (CO₂). It indicates the extent to which a gas contributes to global warming over a defined period of time — usually 100 years (GWP100).

CO₂ serves as a reference value with a factor of 1. Methane (CH₄) or nitrous oxide (N₂O) have a significantly higher GWP and are converted into CO₂ equivalents (CO₂e) for comparability.

In the plastics industry, the GWP forms the basis for calculating the carbon footprint of technical plastics and enables a transparent assessment of primary materials and recyclates.

Hydrolysis

Hydrolysis refers to the chemical splitting of polymer chains by reaction with water. This process can lead to a reduction in the mechanical properties of engineering plastics.

Hydrolysis can occur in polyamides in particular when exposed to moisture and elevated temperatures. This shortens the molecular chains, which can have a negative effect on strength, toughness and long-term stability.

Hydrolysis resistance is therefore an important factor when selecting materials for moist or thermally stressed applications, for example in automotive or mechanical engineering.

Injection molding

Injection molding is an industrial manufacturing process for the production of plastic components. Molten plastic granulate is injected under high pressure into a temperature-controlled mold, where the material cools and solidifies.

The process is particularly suitable for the economical series production of complex components with high dimensional accuracy and surface quality.

In the processing of engineering plastics — especially polyamide compounds — injection molding enables the precise implementation of defined material properties, for example in the case of glass fibre-reinforced or impact-modified materials.

Innovation

Innovation refers to the development and successful implementation of new or significantly improved products, processes or business models. It is a key driver of competitiveness, technological development and sustainable growth.

Innovation includes not only technical innovations, but also process optimization, efficiency improvements and new approaches to conserving resources.

ENNEATECH has been actively shaping developments in the plastics industry for over 40 years. Continuous innovation is an essential part of our corporate strategy and the basis for sustainable, high-performance plastics solutions.

ISO certification

ISO certification confirms that a company meets defined international standards for quality, environmental or energy management. The standards are developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and regularly audited by independent inspection bodies.

ISO standards create transparent, traceable processes and ensure consistent quality standards along the entire value chain.

ENNEATECH is certified according to several ISO standards, including:

• ISO 9001 Quality management
• ISO 14001 Quality management
• ISO 50001 Energy management

The certifications underline the demand for process reliability, resource efficiency and sustainable production of technical plastics.

K Trade fair

The K trade fair is the world’s leading trade fair for the plastics and rubber industry. It takes place every three years in Düsseldorf and is regarded as the most important international platform for innovations, technologies and trends in plastics processing.

The K trade fair will focus on raw materials, compounds, machine and plant technology, recycling, the circular economy and sustainable plastics solutions.

The next K trade fair will take place in Düsseldorf from October 18 to 25, 2028. ENNEATECH AG will be represented as an exhibitor.

Climate neutrality

Climate neutrality refers to a situation in which no net additional greenhouse gas emissions are generated by an activity, company or product. Remaining emissions are reduced and, if necessary, offset by recognized measures.

The basis is the recording of all relevant emissions, usually in accordance with the Greenhouse Gas Protocol (Scope 1–3). The aim is to systematically avoid and reduce emissions and only compensate for unavoidable residual emissions.

ENNEATECH is pursuing the goal of reducing its own carbon footprint in Scope 1 and Scope 2 to zero by 2028.

Circular economy

The circular economy is an economic model that aims to keep resources in the usage cycle for as long as possible and avoid waste. Materials are reused, recycled or reintegrated into production as recyclates.

In contrast to the linear economy (“take-make-dispose”), the circular economy relies on closed material cycles, resource efficiency and sustainable product design.

In the plastics industry, this means in particular the recycling of production waste and post-consumer materials into new technical plastics, which can save primary raw materials and improve the carbon footprint.

Circular economy — 9R framework

The 9R framework is a model of the circular economy for the systematic classification of measures according to their ecological effectiveness — from prevention to recycling.

Refuse — Avoid

Rethink — rethinking use

Reduce — Reduce resource consumption

Reuse

Repair — Repair

Refurbish

Remanufacture — General overhaul

Repurpose — Repurpose

Recycle — Material recycling

The higher up a strategy is in this hierarchy, the greater its contribution to conserving resources and reducing emissions.

In the plastics industry, this means in particular the extension of product life cycles and the recycling of production waste and post-consumer materials into new technical plastics to save primary raw materials.

Plastic recycling

Plastics recycling refers to processes for the reuse of plastic waste in which materials are processed and reintroduced into industrial applications as recyclates. The aim is to return plastics to the material cycle and reduce the use of primary raw materials.

Depending on the process, production waste (post-industrial) or used plastic products (post-consumer) are sorted, cleaned, melted and processed into new granulate.

ENNEATECH specializes in high-quality polyamide recycling and develops high-performance recyclates for demanding technical applications. This conserves resources and significantly improves the carbon footprint compared to virgin material.

Macrofiber

Larger fibers (>0.3 mm diameter) for concrete reinforcement, part of the ENNEAFIL range.

Mechanical recycling

Recycling process in which plastics are recycled through physical processes such as shredding and melting.

Microfiber

Very fine fibers (<0.3 mm diameter) for concrete reinforcement, part of the ENNEAFIL range.

Sustainability

Principle of responsible use of resources. ENNEATECH produces sustainable engineering plastics.

New goods quality

level of quality that recycled materials can achieve. ENTRON eco products achieve almost new goods quality.

Network

A network is an association of companies, institutions or organizations that actively exchange ideas, learn from each other and advance topics together. The focus is on cooperation, knowledge transfer and the further development of common goals.

Corporate networks create space for new impulses, strengthen innovative power and promote sustainable development through partnership-based cooperation.

ENNEATECH is involved in various regional and national networks, including for example

• Ems-Achse e. V.
• WIP-Kunststoffe e. V.
• VEA — Bundesverband der Energie-Abnehmer e. V. (e.g. in the REGINEE network)
• UN Global Compact Network Germany e. V.
• Alliance for Biodiversity East Frisia and Papenburg
• Industry and Energy Committee of the Chamber of Industry and Commerce for East Frisia and Papenburg
• Association for the Promotion of the Institute for Plastics Processing (IKV)
• TecPart — Association of Technical Plastic Products e. V.

Nylon

Nylon is a trade name for certain polyamides (PA) that were first developed in the 1930s. Chemically, they are synthetic polymers with recurring amide groups in the molecular chain.

In the technical field, nylon is usually equated with polyamide 6 (PA6) or polyamide 6.6 (PA6.6). These materials are characterized by high strength, good wear resistance and temperature stability.

Today, the more precise term polyamide (PA) is predominantly used in an industrial context, while “nylon” is often used as a colloquial or historical term.

PA 6

Polyamide 6, an engineering plastic with high strength and toughness, which ENNEATECH manufactures from recycled materials.

PA 6.6

Polyamide 6.6, an engineering plastic with even higher temperature resistance than PA 6.

Polyamide

Engineering plastic with excellent mechanical properties, ENNEATECH’s main material.

Post-consumer recycling (PCR)

Post-consumer recycling (PCR) refers to the recycling of plastic waste that has already been used by the end consumer and subsequently collected. This includes, for example, packaging, technical components or consumer products.

In contrast to post-industrial recycling, PCR materials come from the actual use cycle. They are sorted, cleaned, processed and turned into new recycled granulate.

In the plastics industry, post-consumer recycling enables materials to be returned to new technical applications, reduces the use of primary raw materials and improves the carbon footprint.

Post-industrial recycling (PIR)

Post-industrial recycling (PIR) refers to the recycling of plastic waste that is generated during industrial production processes and does not reach the end consumer. This includes, for example, sprues, punching waste, missing parts or production surpluses.

These materials are collected by type, processed and reintroduced into the material cycle as recyclate. Due to the known material composition and controlled origin, PIR generally offers high and consistent quality.

In the production of technical plastics, post-industrial recycling enables the efficient recycling of production waste, reduces the use of primary raw materials and helps to improve the carbon footprint.

Product Carbon Footprint (PCF)

The product carbon footprint (PCF) describes the total greenhouse gas emissions of a product along defined system boundaries. It is expressed in kilograms of CO₂ equivalent (kg CO₂-eq.) per product unit.

The calculation is carried out in accordance with internationally recognized standards DIN EN ISO 14040 and 14044 (life cycle assessment) and DIN EN ISO 14067 (carbon footprint of products). The system boundary was defined in each case “from the cradle to the factory gate” (cradle-to-gate).

The following product carbon footprints were determined for ENNEATECH by the SKZ — Das Kunststoff-Zentrum:

• PA6 regranulate: 0.165 kg CO₂-eq. per 1 kg product
• PA6.6 regranulate: 0.155 kg CO₂-eq. per 1 kg product

The PCF serves as a reliable basis for sustainability assessments, ESG reports and CO₂ comparisons within the value chain.

Quality management

Quality management (QM) encompasses all systematic measures to ensure and continuously improve consistently high product and process quality. The aim is to reliably meet customer requirements, standards and legal requirements.

In the field of engineering plastics, quality management means in particular the control of raw materials, production processes, material parameters and traceability.

ENNEATECH works according to a certified quality management system in accordance with ISO 9001. The certification confirms structured processes, documented procedures and continuous optimization of product and process quality.

REACH

REACH stands for Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals and is an EU regulation on the regulation of chemicals (Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006).

The aim of REACH is to improve the protection of humans and the environment from potential risks posed by chemical substances. Manufacturers and importers are obliged to register chemical substances and provide evidence of their safe use.

For the plastics industry, REACH means in particular compliance with substance restrictions, information obligations along the supply chain and adherence to the so-called SVHC list (Substances of Very High Concern).

Compliance with the REACH requirements is a prerequisite for placing products on the market within the European Union.

Regranulate

Regranulate is a plastic granulate produced by recycling, which is obtained from processed plastic waste. The material is shredded, cleaned, melted and reprocessed into pellets.

In contrast to the general term recyclate, regranulate refers specifically to the granulated form of the recycled material, which can be used directly in processing methods such as injection molding or extrusion.

Regranulates are produced from post-industrial or post-consumer materials and serve as a sustainable alternative to virgin material. With appropriate processing and compounding, they can be used for demanding technical applications.

Recyclate

Recyclate is a plastic material that is obtained by recycling plastic waste. It is created by processing, cleaning and reprocessing production waste (post-industrial) or products that have already been used (post-consumer). There is no recyclate without plastic waste — it is the result of a functioning material cycle.

Since 2020, the German legislator has explicitly defined the term in the Closed Substance Cycle Waste Management Act (KrWG) as “secondary raw materials that have been obtained through the recovery of waste or are generated during the disposal of waste and are suitable for the manufacture of products”.

Impact strength

Impact strength describes the ability of a material to absorb shock or impact loads without breaking. It is a measure of the resistance of a material to sudden mechanical impacts.

The impact strength is usually determined using standardized test methods such as the Charpy or Izod impact bending test and is specified in kJ/m².

In engineering plastics such as polyamide compounds, high impact strength is particularly important for safety-relevant or dynamically stressed components. It can be specifically influenced by modifications or additives.

Scope 1–3 (greenhouse gas emissions)

Classification of greenhouse gas emissions in accordance with the Greenhouse Gas Protocol according to their source.

• Scope 1: Direct emissions from own or controlled sources, e.g. emissions from the company’s own production facilities.
• Scope 2: Indirect emissions from purchased energy, e.g. emissions from electricity consumption at the site.
• Scope 3: Other indirect emissions along the value chain, e.g. emissions from purchased raw materials.

SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals)

The SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals) are the 17 global sustainability goals of the United Nations (UN). They were adopted in 2015 as part of the 2030 Agenda and define global goals to promote sustainable development in the environmental, social and economic areas.

The 17 SDGs include climate protection, sustainable industry, responsible consumption, quality education and decent work.

For companies, the SDGs serve as an orientation framework for the strategic alignment of sustainability measures and ESG strategies.

Injection molding

Injection molding is an industrial process for the production of plastic components in which molten material is injected into a tool under pressure; see also injection molding.

Engineering plastics

Engineering plastics are high-quality plastics with defined mechanical, thermal and chemical properties for demanding industrial applications. They are characterized by high strength, temperature resistance, dimensional stability and media resistance.

Compared to standard plastics, engineering plastics are designed for functional components that have to withstand mechanical or thermal loads over the long term.

Typical areas of application are the automotive industry, mechanical engineering and the electrical and electronics industry. Polyamide compounds are among the most important materials in this segment.

Thermoplastic

A thermoplastic is a plastic that becomes meltable and moldable when heated and solidifies again after cooling without changing its chemical structure. This process can be repeated several times.

Thermoplastics can therefore be processed using methods such as injection molding or extrusion and are generally recyclable.

Polyamides belong to the group of thermoplastics and are frequently used in technical applications due to their mechanical and thermal properties.

TISAX® label

The TISAX® label (Trusted Information Security Assessment Exchange) is an industry-specific assessment and exchange mechanism for information security in the automotive industry. It is based on the VDA-ISA standard (Information Security Assessment), which is managed by the ENX Association.

The TISAX® label confirms that a company fulfills defined information security requirements and systematically protects confidential information — such as development, customer and project data.

ENNEATECH has a valid TISAX® label and thus fulfills the requirements for information security in the automotive industry.

Upcycling

Recycling process in which higher-value products are created from waste materials.

UV resistance

Resistance to damage caused by ultraviolet radiation.

Environmental management

Environmental management encompasses all strategic and operational measures taken by a company to reduce environmental pollution and continuously improve its environmental performance. In particular, this includes the efficient use of resources, the reduction of emissions and the responsible use of energy and waste.

In the plastics industry, environmental management includes material efficiency, recycling processes, emissions control and the optimization of the carbon footprint.

ENNEATECH operates a certified environmental management system in accordance with ISO 14001. The certification confirms structured processes for compliance with legal environmental requirements and continuous improvement of environmental performance.

Processing temperature

The processing temperature is the temperature range in which a plastic can be optimally melted and reliably processed. It depends on the polymer, the additive system and the respective processing method, such as injection molding or extrusion.

A correctly set processing temperature ensures a homogeneous melt, stable material properties and consistent component quality. Temperatures that are too high can cause material damage, while temperatures that are too low lead to insufficient melting and processing errors.

With engineering plastics such as polyamide, precise adherence to the processing temperature is crucial for mechanical performance and surface quality.

Packaging return according to VerpackG

The German Packaging Act (VerpackG ) obliges companies in Germany to take back and recycle commercial and transport packaging placed on the market (Section 15 VerpackG). The basis for this is the amended EU Packaging Directive (EU) 2018/852, which aims to return packaging to the recycling cycle and avoid landfilling or environmental pollution.

ENNEATECH organizes the return and recycling of its packaging placed on the market in Germany via the nationwide system of RIGK — Gesellschaft zur Rückführung industrieller und gewerblicher Kunststoffverpackungen mbH. Customers can return emptied, non-hazardous packaging free of charge to RIGK collection points.

Recycling is carried out in cooperation with certified recycling companies.

Viscosity

Viscosity describes the viscosity of a material and indicates how strongly it resists flowing under load. In the case of plastics, viscosity generally refers to the flow properties of the polymer melt during processing.

A high viscosity means a tougher melt with higher flow resistance, a low viscosity means a thinner melt with better flow behavior.

In plastics processing — especially with polyamide compounds in injection molding or extrusion — viscosity has a significant influence on the filling behavior, surface quality and mechanical properties of the component.

Material properties

Material properties are characteristic physical, mechanical, thermal and chemical features of a material. They determine how a material behaves under certain loads and environmental conditions.

The most important material properties of engineering plastics include strength, rigidity, impact resistance, temperature resistance, media resistance and density.

The targeted adjustment of material properties — for example through additives, fillers or glass fiber reinforcement — enables the development of high-performance polyamide compounds for demanding industrial applications.

Tensile strength

The tensile strength describes the maximum mechanical stress that a material can withstand under tensile load before it breaks. It is usually specified in megapascals (MPa).

In plastics technology, tensile strength is a key parameter for assessing the load-bearing capacity of materials. It indicates how resistant a material is to tensile forces.

The tensile strength of engineering plastics such as glass fiber-reinforced polyamide can be significantly increased through the use of reinforcing fibers and is crucial for structurally stressed components.